Artists and architects think differently compared to other people
Architects, painters and sculptors conceive of spaces in different ways from other people and from each other, finds a new study by University College London and 黑料不打烊 researchers.
When asked to talk about images of places, painters are more likely to describe the depicted space as a two-dimensional image, while architects are more likely to focus on paths and the boundaries of the space.
鈥淲e found that painters, sculptors and architects consistently showed signs of their profession when talking about the spaces we showed them, and all three groups had more elaborate, detailed descriptions than people in unrelated professions,鈥� said senior author Dr Hugo Spiers (UCL Psychology & Language Sciences).
For the study, published in Cognitive Science, the researchers brought in 16 people from each of the three professions 鈥� they all had at least eight years of experience and included Sir Anthony Gormley 鈥� alongside 16 participants without any relevant background, who acted as controls. The participants were presented with a Google Street view image, a painting of St. Peter鈥檚 Basilica, and a computer-generated surreal scene. They had to describe the environment, explain how they would explore the space, and suggest changes to the environment in the image.
The researchers categorised elements of the responses for both qualitative and quantitative analyses using a novel technique called Cognitive Discourse Analysis, developed by one of the co-authors, Dr Thora Tenbrink (School of Linguistics and English Language, 黑料不打烊), designed to highlight aspects of thought that underlie linguistic choices, beyond what speakers are consciously aware of.
鈥淏y looking at language systematically we found some consistent patterns, which turned out to be quite revealing,鈥� Dr Tenbrink said.
The painters tended to shift between describing the scene as a 3D space or as a 2D image. Architects were more likely to describe barriers and boundaries of the space, and used more dynamic terms, while sculptors鈥� responses were between the two. Painters and architects also differed in how they described the furthest point of the space, as painters called it the 鈥榖ack鈥� and architects called it the 鈥榚nd.鈥� The control participants gave less elaborate responses, which the authors say went beyond just a lack of expert terminology.
鈥淥ur study has provided evidence that your career may well change the way you think. There鈥檚 already extensive research into how culture changes cognition, but here we鈥檝e found that even within the same culture, people of different professions differ in how they appreciate the world,鈥� said Dr Spiers.
鈥淥ur findings also raise the possibility that people who are already inclined to see the world as a 2D image, or who focus on the borders of a space, may be more inclined to pursue painting or architecture,鈥� he said.
鈥淚n their day-to-day work, artists and architects have a heightened awareness of their surroundings, which seems to have a deep influence on the way they conceive of space,鈥� said the study鈥檚 first author, Claudia Cialone (now based at the ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, Australian National University). 鈥淲e hope our research will lead to further studies into the spatial cognition of other professionals, which could help devise new ways of understanding, representing and communicating space for ourselves.鈥�
The study was funded by the James S. McDonnell Foundation.
Publication date: 28 June 2017