ºÚÁϲ»´òìÈ

Dr Nathan Bray is a Senior Lecturer in Healthcare Improvement and leads ºÚÁϲ»´òìÈ’s Academy for Health Equity (AHE). He has an MSc in Public Health and Health Promotion and a PhD in Health Economics. His research focuses on public health and disability, in particular the application of methods of economic evaluation to disability and assistive technology. In 2016 Nathan was awarded a post-doctoral fellowship by Health and Care Research Wales to develop a new preference-based instrument for measuring the quality of life of people who use wheelchairs and other mobility aids. Dr Bray has received research funding from a range of organisations including the National Institute for Health Research, the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 programme, Health and Care Research Wales and NHS England. As lead applicant and co-applicant Dr Bray has contributed to over £7.5million worth of grant capture. From 2015 to 2018 Dr Bray chaired the International Society of Wheelchair Professionals’ comparative effectiveness research committee, and was an Associate Editor for the British Journal of Dermatology from 2017 to 2021. Nathan is currently a member of the Health and Care Research Wales Social Care PhD Studentship Committee and College Lead for Sustainability, and is College Director of Postgraduate Research and Sustainability

n.bray@bangor.ac.uk

@drnathanbray

+447792670053

• PhD: Health Economics
  ºÚÁϲ»´òìÈ, 2015
• MSc: Public Health and Health Promotion
  ºÚÁϲ»´òìÈ, 2013
• BSc: Psychology
  Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, 2007

’Rydwyf yn fodlon goruchwylio cwrs PhD

2025

• Cyhoeddwyd
  Prendergast, L., Crane, E., Bray, N. & Noyes, J., 16 Gorff 2025, Yn: BMJ paediatrics open.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Tuersley, L., Quaye, N. A., Pisavadia, K., Edwards, R. T. & Bray, N., 10 Ion 2025, Yn: PLoS ONE. 20, 1, t. 1-22 22 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2024

• Cyhoeddwyd
  Spencer, L., Hartfiel, N., Lynch, M., Bray, N., Anthony, B., Lawrence, C. & Edwards, R. T., 26 Medi 2024, Health economics of well-being and well-becoming across the life-course . Oxford University Press, t. 71-130
  Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod
• E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
  Bray, N., Tudor Edwards, R. & Schneider, P., 11 Ion 2024, (E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu) Yn: Disability and Rehabilitation. 10 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Parker, D., Forghany, S., Tang, J., Akhtar, S., Dang, C., Tilbury, J., Woodrow, T., Sharman, D., Bray, N., Prior, Y., Nester, C., Allen, M., Holt, G., Lavender, A. & Jiang, L., 11 Rhag 2024, Yn: NIHR open research. 4, 74
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Vanova, M., Patel, A., Scott, I., Gilpin, G., Manning, E., Ash, C., Wittenberg, P., Lim, J., Hoare, Z., Evans, R., Bray, N., kipps, C., Devine, C., Ahmed, S., Dunne, R., Koniotes, A., Warren, C., Chan, D. & Suárez‑González, A., 22 Hyd 2024, Yn: Trials. 25, 1, 704.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Jones, A. W., Makanjuola, A., Bray, N., Prior, Y., Parker, D., Nester, C., Tang, J. & Jiang, L., 24 Gorff 2024, Yn: Diabetology & metabolic syndrome. 16, 1, t. 172
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl adolygu › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bryning, L., Anthony, B., Bray, N., Lloyd-Williams, H., Charles, J., Tuersley, L., Lawrence, C. & Edwards, R. T., 26 Medi 2024, Health economics of well-being and well-becoming across the life-course . Oxford University Press, t. 131-183
  Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod

2023

• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Ebr 2023, t. S15. 1 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Rowen, D., Mukuria, C., Cooper, S., Bray, N., Carlton, J., Longworth, L., Meads, D., Oluboyede, Y., O'Neill, C. & Yang, Y., 2023, Yn: Value in Health. 26, 12, t. S361
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Crynodeb Cyfarfod
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Rowen, D., Mukuria, C., Bray, N., Carlton, J., Cooper, S., Longworth, L., Meads, D., O'Neill, C. & Yang, Y., Tach 2023, Yn: Value in Health. 26, 11, t. 1625-1635 11 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2022

• Cyhoeddwyd
  Rowen, D., Mukuria, C., Bray, N., Carlton, J., Longworth, L., Meads, D., O'Neill, C., Shah, K. & Yang, Y., Medi 2022, Yn: Social Science and Medicine. 309, t. 115227
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Rowen, D., Mukuria, C., Cooper, S. J., Bray, N., Carlton, J., Longworth, L., Meads, D., O'Neill, C., Shah, K. & Yang, Y., Rhag 2022, Yn: Value in Health. 25, 12, t. S322-S323
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Crynodeb Cyfarfod
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N. & Tudor Edwards, R., 5 Meh 2022, Yn: Disability and Rehabilitation. 44, 12, t. 2915-2929 15 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Tuersley, L., Quaye, N. A., Edwards, R. T. & Bray, N., 16 Awst 2022, MedRxiv, 49 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Papur gweithio › Rhagargraffiad
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Spencer, L., Hartfiel, N., Hendry, A., Anthony, B., Makanjuola, A., Pisavadia, K., Davies, J., Bray, N., Hughes, D., Wilkinson, C., Fitzsimmons, D. & Edwards, R. T., 15 Ion 2022, Health and Care Research Wales.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/Adroddiad › Adroddiad Comisiwn › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2021

• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Spencer, L., Tuersley, L. & Edwards, R. T., 6 Tach 2021, Yn: Disability and Rehabilitation. 43, 23, t. 3395-3404 10 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Ezeofor, V., Bray, N., Bryning, L., Hashami, F., Hoel, H., Parker, D. & Edwards, R. T., 14 Ion 2021, Yn: PLoS ONE. 16, 1, e0244851.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Spencer, L., Hartfiel, N., Hendry, A., Anthony, B., Makanjuola, A., Bray, N., Hughes, D., Wilkinson, C., Fitzsimmons, D. & Edwards, R. T., 1 Tach 2021, 36 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/Adroddiad › Adoddiad Arall › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N. & Edwards, R. T., Ion 2021.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Gowran, R. J., Bray, N., Goldberg, M., Rushton, P., Barhouche Abou Saab, M., Constantine, D., Ghosh, R. & Pearlman, J., 24 Maw 2021, Yn: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18, 7, 3338.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Hendry, A., Anthony, B., Charles, J., Hartfiel, N., Roberts, J., Spencer, L., Bray, N., Wilkinson, C. & Edwards, R. T., Awst 2021, 34 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/Adroddiad › Adoddiad Arall › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2020

• Cyhoeddwyd
  Ismail, N. & Bray, N., Mai 2020, Yn: British Journal of Dermatology. 182, 5, t. 1087-1088 2 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Kolehmainen, N., McAnuff, J., Tanner, L., Tuersley, L., Beyer, F., Grayston, A., Wilson, D., Edwards, R. T., Noyes, J. & Craig, D., 1 Hyd 2020, Yn: Health Technology Assessment. 24, 50, t. 1-+ 194 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Spencer, L. H. & Edwards, R. T., 21 Ebr 2020, Yn: Health Economics Review. 10, 1, 9.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2019

• Cyhoeddwyd
  Toro-Hernández, M. L., Kankipati, P., Goldberg, M., Contepomi, S., Tsukimoto, D. R. & Bray, N., Tach 2019, Yn: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America. 30, 4, t. 847 - 865
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Parker, J. D., Nuttall, G. H., Bray, N., Hugill, T., Martinez-Santos, A., Edwards, R. T. & Nester, C., 8 Ion 2019, Yn: Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 12, 2, t. 2
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Nollett, C., Ryan, B., Bray, N., Bunce, C., Casten, R., Edwards, R. T., Gillespie, D., Smith, D. J., Stanford, M. & Margrain, T. H., 17 Ion 2019, Yn: BMJ Open. 9, 1, t. e026163
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Edwards, R. T. & Spencer, L., Gorff 2019.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Crynodeb
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Yeo, S. T., Bray, N., Haboubi, H., Hoare, Z. & Edwards, R. T., 9 Medi 2019, Yn: BMC Cancer. 19, 1, 19 t., 900.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Edwards, R. T., Squires, L. & Morrison, V., 24 Mai 2019, Yn: BMC Research Notes. 12, 1, t. 287 6 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Wu, O., Charles, J. & Bray, N. J., 14 Mai 2019, Applied Health Economics For Public Health Practice And Research. Edwards, R. & McIntosh, E. (gol.). 1 gol. Oxford: Oxford University Press, t. 87-107 (Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation).
  Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod

2018

• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N. & Wolf, P., Mai 2018, Yn: British Journal of Dermatology. 178, 5, t. 997-998 2 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Golygyddiad
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Tuersley, L., Bray, N. & Edwards, R. T., 26 Rhag 2018, Yn: PLoS ONE. 13, 12, t. e0209380
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Akiyama, M. & Bray, N., Medi 2018, Yn: British Journal of Dermatology. 179, 3, t. 564-565 2 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Tuersley, L. & Edwards, R. T., 2018, Prifysgol ºÚÁϲ»´òìÈ. 36 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/Adroddiad › Adoddiad Arall

2017

• Cyhoeddwyd
  Kamaraj, D. C., Bray, N., Rispin, K., Kankipati, P., Pearlman, J. & Borg, J., 8 Medi 2017, Yn: African journal of disability. 6, t. 355 5 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Noyes, J., Spencer, L. H., Bray, N., Kubis, H.-P., Hastings, R. P., Jackson, M. & O'Brien, T. D., Mai 2017, Yn: Journal of Advanced Nursing. 73, 5, t. 1111-1123 13 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Rhag 2017, Yn: British Journal of Dermatology. 177, 6, t. 1475-1476
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N. J., Burns, P., Jones, A., Winrow, E. & Edwards, R., Rhag 2017, Yn: International Journal of Public Health . 62, 9, t. 1039-1050
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Noyes, J., Harris, N. & Edwards, R. T., 15 Meh 2017, Yn: PLoS ONE. 12, 6, t. e0179269
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Taylor, J. J., Bambrick, R., Brand, A., Bray, N., Dutton, M., Harper, R. A., Hoare, Z., Ryan, B., Edwards, R. T., Waterman, H. & Dickinson, C., 27 Meh 2017, Yn: Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists). 37, 4, t. 370-384 15 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Noyes, J., Harris, N. & Edwards, R. T., 10 Awst 2017, Yn: BMC Research Notes. 10, 1, t. 377
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Brand, A., Taylor, J., Hoare, Z., Dickinson, C. & Edwards, R. T., 11 Gorff 2017, Yn: Acta ophthalmologica. 95, 5, t. e415-e423
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2016

• Cyhoeddwyd
  Nollett, C. L., Bray, N. J., Bunce, C., Casten, R. J., Edwards, R., Hegel, M. T., Janikoun, S., Jumbe, S. E., Ryan, B., Shearn, J., Smith, D. J., Stanford, M., Xing, W. & Margrain, T. H., 31 Awst 2016, Yn: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 57, t. 4247-4254
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Yeo, S. T., Bray, N. J., Haboubi, H., Hoare, Z. & Edwards, R., 27 Gorff 2016, NIHR PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews).
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad arall › Cyfraniad Arall
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Yeo, S. T., Noyes, J., Harris, N. & Edwards, R. T., 19 Gorff 2016, Yn: Pilot and Feasibility Studies. 2, 32, 14 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Edwards, R. T., Bray, N., Burns, P. & Jones, A., 2016, Prifysgol ºÚÁϲ»´òìÈ. 4 t.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/Adroddiad › Adoddiad Arall

2015

• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Noyes, J., Edwards, R. T. & Harris, N., 14 Meh 2015.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N. J., Nollett, C. L., Bray, N., Bunce, C., Casten, R. J., Edwards, R. T., Hegel, M. T., Janikoun, S., Jumbe, S. E., Ryan, B., Shearn, J., Smith, D. J., Stanford, M., Xing, W. & Margrain, T. H., 13 Awst 2015, Yn: Ophthalmology. 123, 2, t. 440-441
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2014

• Cyhoeddwyd
  O'Brien, T. D., Noyes, J., Spencer, L. H., Kubis, H., Hastings, R. P., Edwards, R. T., Bray, N. & Whitaker, R., 18 Mai 2014, Yn: Journal of Advanced Nursing. 70, 12, t. 2942-2951
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Noyes, J., Edwards, R. T. & Harris, N., 15 Meh 2014.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Noyes, J., Edwards, R. T. & Harris, N., 5 Meh 2014.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N. J., Edwards, R. T. & Bray, N., 19 Tach 2014, Yn: The Lancet. 384, S2, t. S80
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  OBrien, T. D., Kubis, H., Bray, N. J., O'Brien, T. D., Noyes, J., Spencer, L. H., Kubis, H. P., Edwards, R. T., Bray, N. & Whitaker, R., 24 Gorff 2014, Yn: Journal of Advanced Nursing. 71, 2, t. 430-440
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N. J., Bray, N., Noyes, J., Edwards, R. T. & Harris, N., 17 Gorff 2014, Yn: BMC Health Services Research. 14, 309
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2013

• Cyhoeddwyd
  Bray, N., Hilton, A., Hounsome, B., Zou, L., Whitaker, C., Moniz-Cook, E., Hart, C., Woods, R. & Edwards, R. T., 24 Maw 2013.
  Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur

2022

• Leading economic evaluation

  1 Chwef 2022 – 30 Medi 2024

  Gweithgaredd: Arall (Cyfrannwr)

2017

• 31 Hyd 2017

  Cysylltau:

  Gweithgaredd: Mathau o waith ymgysylltu â'r cyhoedd a gwaith maes - Erthygl neu gyfranogiad yn y cyfryngau (Cyfrannwr)

• 5 Hyd 2017

  Cysylltau:

  Gweithgaredd: Mathau o waith ymgysylltu â'r cyhoedd a gwaith maes - Erthygl neu gyfranogiad yn y cyfryngau (Cyfrannwr)

• 15 Meh 2017

  Cysylltau:

  Gweithgaredd: Mathau o waith ymgysylltu â'r cyhoedd a gwaith maes - Erthygl neu gyfranogiad yn y cyfryngau (Cyfrannwr)

• 01/04/2025 – 15/04/2027 (Wrthi'n gweithredu)

• 01/02/2024 – 15/02/2028 (Wrthi'n gweithredu)

• 01/10/2023 – 15/10/2027 (Wrthi'n gweithredu)

• 01/09/2022 – 16/09/2024 (Wedi gorffen)

• 01/01/2021 – 31/03/2024 (Wedi gorffen)

• 01/04/2018 – 01/08/2022 (Wedi gorffen)

  Disgrifiad

  EMPoWER is an NIHR HTA funded evidence synthesis project examining the cost-effectiveness of earlier provision of powered wheelchair interventions for children with mobility limitations. The project is being led by ºÚÁϲ»´òìÈ, in collaboration with Newcastle University. The aim of the EMPoWER project is to estimate the costs and benefits of providing very young disabled children (under 5 years) with powered mobility aids, such as mini wheelchairs and ride-on-cars. During the conduct of this evidence synthesis project, we will combine the results of existing research and produce an economic model to predict how cost-effective it is to provide powered mobility aids from a very early age.

  More than 70,000 children in the UK use special equipment, such as wheelchairs, to help them move around. There are many different reasons why children may have issues with their mobility, and for some children powered or electric mobility aids (such as powered wheelchairs) may be the only way to move around on their own. Helping children under the age of 5 to move around on their own can have long-lasting benefits, including physical and mental development, increased independence and more participation in everyday life. These benefits can also have positive impacts on the physical and mental health of children’s parents, and may reduce later health, social care and education costs. What is currently unknown is whether providing powered mobility aids for very young children provides more benefits than waiting until after the child is aged 5. The NHS is the largest UK provider of powered mobility aids for children, but there is often variation in what different NHS services provide, particularly for children under the age of 5. At the moment there is no national guidance to help NHS services decide the best age to start providing powered mobility aids for children, or what costs and the benefits to consider.

  As part of the EMPoWER project, we will gather all existing research and evidence about the costs and benefits of powered mobility aids for children. We will look at the quality of the evidence and combine all relevant information to get a better understanding of the extra costs and benefits of providing powered mobility aids (and related training and support) at a very early age, rather than waiting until after a child turns 5. Using this information we will develop an economic model, which will allow us to estimate whether the extra benefits of early powered mobility outweigh the additional costs.

  If you would like find out more about this project, please contact chief investigator Dr Nathan Bray: n.bray@bangor.ac.uk / 07792670053

  Cysylltau:

• 01/09/2016 – 08/08/2024 (Wedi gorffen)

  Disgrifiad

  In the UK over 11 million people live with an impairment, disability or limiting chronic illness; approximately 6% of children, 16% of working age adults and 45% of the elderly are classified as disabled. Mobility impairments are one of the most common causes of disability, and many disabled people require mobility aids, such as wheelchairs, to move around independently. The NHS is the largest supplier of mobility-aids in the UK, however more evidence is needed to understand which mobility-aids are the most cost-effective means of improving the mobility and quality of life of people with mobility impairments.

  In the NHS resources for healthcare are limited, therefore evidence is needed to guide decisions about resource allocation. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) provides independent guidance to the NHS based on evidence of cost-effectiveness. Cost-effectiveness analysis is used to calculate the additional cost of achieving an outcome, such as increased quality of life. For cost-effectiveness analysis NICE recommends an outcome measurement known as the quality-adjusted life year (QALY). A QALY is calculated by multiplying the amount of time spent in a given health state by the associated quality of life of that health state. Health states are assigned utilities which are values representing a person’s preference for that health state. QALYs are universal because both quantity and quality of life are measured; therefore they can be used and compared across lots of different conditions and treatments. This helps the NHS to make efficient decisions about the use of resources.

  Health-related quality of life (questionnaires are designed to measure the impact that health has on quality of life and the positive or negative impacts of a medical treatment. These questionnaires are often preference-based, which means they can be used to calculate QALYs. Because these questionnaire tools are so generic they are sometimes not sensitive to disease or condition specific changes to health or quality of life. For instance, the EQ-5D (a widely used health-related quality of life outcome measure) asks people to rate their mobility using 1 of 5 options, none of which account for mobility other than walking, for instance using a mobility-aid. At present there are no mobility-related quality of life questionnaires which can be used to calculate QALYs.

  The aim of this project is to develop a questionnaire tool to specifically measure quality of life related to mobility. This will help researchers and medical professionals to understand how mobility-aids improve the quality of life of people with mobility impairments. This project will involve interviewing people with mobility impairments about how mobility affects quality of life, then developing a questionnaire based on their responses. In order to create a scoring system, we will then ask a large of number of people to state their preferences for all of the different health states identified in the new questionnaire. Throughout the project we will test the questionnaire to make sure that it is valid and reliable.

  If you would like find out more about this project, please contact chief investigator Dr Nathan Bray: n.bray@bangor.ac.uk / 07792670053

  Cysylltau: